Sulfur Recovery Unit: The sulfur recovery process used in most refineries is a Claus Unit. In general, the Claus Unit involves combusting one-third of the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into SO2 and then reacting the SO2 with the remaining H2S in the presence of cobalt-molybdenum catalyst to form elemental sulfur. Sulfur Recovery Unit Process The … Read more
When the flow of fluid through a system is suddenly halted at one point, through valve closure or a pump trip, the fluid in the remainder of the system cannot be stopped instantaneously as well. As fluid continues to flow into the area of stoppage (upstream of the valve or pump), the fluid compresses, causing … Read more
The Hydrocracker is similar to the FCC in that it is a catalytic process that cracks long chain gas oil molecules into smaller molecules that boil in the gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel range. The fundamental difference is that cracking reactions take place in an extremely hydrogen rich atmosphere. Two reactions occur. First carbon … Read more
Crude distillation unit (CDU) is a unit in an oil refinery where crude oil is heated and separated into different fractions based on their boiling points. The CDU is the first processing unit in most refineries and is responsible for producing the basic feedstocks for other refining processes. Initial crude oil separation is accomplished by … Read more
Outlook shortcut keys are keyboard combinations that can be used to perform tasks in Outlook. They can save you time and help you be more productive. Outlook Shortcut keys Alt + S Send the email Ctrl +C Copy selected text Ctrl +X Cut selected text Ctrl +P Open print dialog box Ctrl +K Complete name/email … Read more
Pipe routing: below point to consider while doing the pipe routing Piping shall be routed such way that the optimum piping layout is achieved in terms of process requirements, ergonomics, operation, inspection and maintenance. Having considered these factors, the number of flanges, fittings, valves and welds shall be minimized which helps to reduce the cost … Read more
NPSH of pump: When the liquid passes from the pump section to the eye of the impeller, the velocity increases and the pressure decreases. There are also pressure losses due to shock and turbulence as the liquid strikes the impeller. The centrifugal force of the impeller vanes further increases the velocity and decreases the pressure of the liquid. Thus, the Net … Read more
Below are the piping failures encounter in the piping What are the types of failures encountered in Piping? Answer: – 1. Catastrophic Failure. 2. Fatigue Failure. Define catastrophic failure? Answer:- The failures which occurs suddenly as soon as the load crosses the threshold (Ultimate tensile strength). These failures take place on the first occurrence of … Read more
straight run requirements of orifice plate: Flow measuring instrument needs certain straight length on upstream & downstream of the instruments. Normally, 15D on the upstream and 5D on the downstream is kept. straight run requirements of orifice plate The pipe line in which flow meters such as magnetic flow meters, vortex meters, turbine meters etc … Read more
Types of piping material: Piping in a particular plant can be compared with arteries & veins in our body. There are mainly two types of pipes from manufacturing point of view. The first is Seamless pipes & second is Welded pipes. Various attributes of pipe are described below. A) Pipe End Preparation: There are three … Read more