Piping sweet and sour corrosion: Corrosion primarily caused by dissolved CO2 is commonly called sweet corrosion, whereas corrosion due to the combined presence of dissolved CO2 and H2S is referred to as sour corrosion. A rule-of-thumb distinction between the two is that sweet corrosion occurs where the partial pressure of CO2 is more than 500 times … Read more
Galvanic corrosion may occur when two different metallic materials are connected in corrosive service. The potential difference may cause an increased corrosion rate for the less noble material. If neither of the two materials corrodes by itself in a service, combination with the other will not normally cause corrosion in this service. In this aspect, … Read more
A Double Block & Bleed or DBB valve is defined as a valve isolation that consists of two valves in series with an intermediate venting facility. The vent allows personnel to monitor the performance of the primary isolation valve for integrity and prevent an increase of pressure at the secondary isolation valve. Dbb valve are … Read more
Pipe material selection: Basis for the pipe material selection is the conditions under which the materials shall operate. The following information is normally required to select the correct material: Fluid properties Operating temperature and pressure Design temperature and pressure Upset conditions Material properties (corrosion resistance and mechanical properties) Material limitations The basis for the material … Read more
A flame arrester is a safety device whose principal purpose is to prevent a flame entering or leaving a pipe or vessel or to prevent it traveling further down a pipe. In many cases it is used in conjunction with other components to create a safety system. Failure to stop a flame can result in … Read more
Vessel trims are independent piping and instrument items that are directly attached to a pressure vessel. They are used to display the process parameters inside the vessel and for operation and maintenance purposes. Some common types of vessel trims include Pressure gauges: These gauges measure the pressure inside the vessel. Temperature gauges: These gauges measure … Read more
Pigging is used in the pipeline after certain time when the efficiency of the pipeline drop due to foreign particles store/scaled inside the pipeline. The use of proper pigging program helps maintain the integrity and optimum efficiency of pipeline which safe pipeline asset of the operating company and safe our environment. The maintenance of the pipeline is very important … Read more
The ultrasonic testing method is applicable to almost all materials. The ultrasonic method uses the transmission of mechanical energy in wave form at frequency above the audible range. Reflections of this energy by discontinuities in metals are detected in a manner somewhat analogous to the detection of reflected light waves in transparent media. Advantages of … Read more
Radiographic Testing uses X’Ray and Gamma Radiation that penetrates through the part and produces an image on a film. Radiographic inspection is suitable for all types of metal (i.e Stainless, Carbon Steel, Inconel, Duplex , CuNi and other Steel Alloys). However the applicability of radiography for weld inspection depends a great deal upon the weld joint location, joint … Read more
Equipment layout refers to the arrangement and positioning of various equipment and machinery within a given space or facility. It is an essential aspect of the overall plant or facility design and plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient operations, safety, and accessibility. The equipment layout process involves careful planning and consideration of several factors, … Read more