pipe fittings standards: Pipe fittings permit a change in direction of piping, a change in diameter of pipe or a branch to be made from the main run of pipe. They are formed from plate or pipe, machined from forged blanks, cast or molded from plastics. Pipe Fittings do not require normalizing in accordance with ASTM due to size or pressure rating. It should be normalized when used for service temperature below 30 °F.
Pipe fittings Standards ASME and equivalent
ASME B 16.1 – Cast Iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings
Scope and Purpose: ASME B16.1 establishes standards for cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings, specifying their dimensions, materials, design, and testing requirements.
Applicability: The standard is applicable to flanges and fittings made from cast iron, typically used in industrial piping systems to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment.
Dimensional Standards: ASME B16.1 provides detailed dimensions for various types and sizes of cast iron flanges and flanged fittings. These dimensions ensure interchangeability and compatibility between components from different manufacturers.
Pressure-Temperature Ratings: The standard includes pressure-temperature ratings for cast iron flanges and fittings, indicating the maximum pressure and temperature conditions under which they can be safely used.
Materials: ASME B16.1 specifies the acceptable cast iron materials for manufacturing flanges and fittings, ensuring they meet certain mechanical and chemical properties.
Flange Types: The standard covers various flange types, including raised face flanges, flat face flanges, and ring joint flanges, among others. It outlines their design and sealing mechanisms.
Fitting Types: ASME B16.1 addresses a range of flanged fittings, such as elbows, tees, reducers, and crosses, providing guidelines for their design and dimensions.
Joining Methods: The standard discusses different methods of joining cast iron flanges and fittings to pipes, including bolting patterns and gasket types to ensure leak-tight connections.
Testing Requirements: ASME B16.1 specifies testing procedures to ensure the quality and integrity of cast iron flanges and fittings, including methods for hydrostatic testing and nondestructive examination.
Marking and Identification: The standard outlines requirements for marking cast iron flanges and fittings with relevant information, such as material type, pressure rating, and manufacturer’s identification.
Quality Assurance: ASME B16.1 emphasizes the importance of quality= control and assurance in the manufacturing process to ensure that flanges and fittings meet the specified standards.
Safety Considerations: The standard contributes to the safety of industrial piping systems by ensuring that components meet certain structural and performance criteria.
Industry Standardization: ASME B16.1 provides a consistent framework that helps manufacturers, engineers, and other professionals maintain uniformity and compatibility in piping system components.
These key points collectively outline the essential aspects covered by ASME B16.1, contributing to the proper design, construction, and safe operation of cast iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings within industrial piping systems.
ASME B 16.3 – Malleable iron Threaded fittings
ASME B16.3 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for malleable iron threaded fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes fittings for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
The fittings covered by ASME B16.3 include elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, couplings, caps, and return bends. The fittings are made from malleable iron, which is a cast iron that is more ductile and stronger than gray cast iron. Malleable iron fittings are typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
ASME B16.3 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.3 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for malleable iron threaded fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
ASME B 16.4 – Gray Iron Threaded fittings
ASME B16.4 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for gray iron threaded fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes fittings for both Class 125 and Class 250 pressure ratings.
Gray iron is a type of cast iron that is strong and durable. It is typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Threaded fittings are used to connect pipes and other components in a piping system. They are made from a variety of materials, including gray iron, steel, and brass.
ASME B16.4 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.4 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for gray iron threaded fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
ASME B 16.5 – Pipe Flanges and Flange fittings
ASME B16.5 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes flanges for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Steel pipe flanges are used to connect pipes and other components in a piping system. They are made from a variety of steel alloys, including carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel.
Flanged fittings are similar to pipe flanges, but they also have additional features, such as sockets or holes, that allow them to be connected o other components in a piping system.
ASME B16.5 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the flanges and flanged fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the flanges and fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.5 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for steel pipe flanges and flanged fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
ASME B 16.9 – Factory made wrought steel butt welding
ASME B16.9 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for wrought butt welding fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes fittings for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Wrought buttwelding fittings are made from a variety of materials, including carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. They are typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Buttwelding is a welding process that joins two pieces of metal by melting the edges of the metal and then pressing them together.
ASME B16.9 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.9 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for wrought buttwelding fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems
ASME B 16.11 – Forged fittings, Socket welding and Threaded
ASME B16.11 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for socket-welding and threaded forged fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes fittings for both Class 2000, Class 3000, and Class 6000 pressure ratings.
Socket-welding fittings are made from a variety of materials, including carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. They are typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Threaded fittings are similar to socket-welding fittings, but they also have threads on the outside of the fitting that allow them to be connected to other components in a piping system.
ASME B16.11 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.11 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for socket-welding and threaded forged fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
ASME B 16.28 – Wrought steel butt welding short radius elbows and return
ASME B16.28 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for wrought steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes elbows and returns for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Wrought steel is a type of steel that is made by forging or rolling. It is typically stronger and more ductile than cast iron.
Short radius elbows and returns are fittings that are used to the direction of a pipe. The short radius in the name refers to the fact that the inside radius of the elbow or return is shorter than the outside radius.
ASME B16.28 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the elbows and returns covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.28 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for wrought steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
ASME B 16.42 – Ductile Iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings
ASME B16.42 is an American National Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes flanges for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Ductile iron is a type of cast iron that is more ductile and stronger than gray cast iron. It is typically used in medium- to high-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and gas piping systems.
Pipe flanges are used to connect pipes and other components in a piping system. They are made from a variety of materials, including ductile iron, steel, and stainless steel.
Flanged fittings are similar to pipe flanges, but they also have additional features, such as sockets or holes, that allow them to be connected to other components in a piping system.
ASME B16.42 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the flanges and flanged fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the flanges and fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
ASME B16.42 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for ductile iron pipe flanges and flanged fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
BS 1640 – Butt weld fittings
BS 1640 is a British Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for steel butt-welding pipe fittings for use in the petroleum industry. The standard includes fittings for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Steel butt-welding fittings are made from a variety of steel alloys, including carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. They are typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Buttwelding is a welding process that joins two pieces of metal by melting the edges of the metal and then pressing them together.
BS 1640 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
BS 1640 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems in the petroleum industry. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for steel butt-welding pipe fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
BS 3799 – Socket weld and screwed end fittings
BS 3799 is a British Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for forged carbon and alloy steel screwed and socket-welding fittings for use in the petroleum industry. The standard includes fittings for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Forged carbon and alloy steel are types of steel that are made by forging or rolling. They are typically stronger and more ductile than cast iron.
Screwd fittings are made with threaded ends that allow them to be connected to other components in a piping system.
Socket-welding fittings are made with a socket that allows them to be welded to a pipe.
BS 3799 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
BS 3799 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems in the petroleum industry. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for forged carbon and alloy steel screwed and socket-welding fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
BS 2598 – Glass pipelines and fittings
BS 2598 is a British Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for borosilicate glass pipe and fittings for use in the chemical industry. The standard includes pipe and fittings for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Borosilicate glass is a type of glass that is known for its high strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock resistance. It is typically used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, such as the chemical industry.
Pipe and fittings are made from borosilicate glass by a process called glass blowing.
BS 2598 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the pipe and fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the pipe and fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
BS 2598 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems in the chemical industry. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for borosilicate glass pipe and fittings, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
IS 1239 Part II – M.S Fittings
IS 1239 Part II is an Indian Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for mild steel seamless pipes for high pressure service. The standard includes pipes for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Mild steel is a type of steel that is known for its low carbon content. It is typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Seamless pipes are made from a single piece of metal that is drawn or extruded to the desired shape. They are typically stronger and more ductile than welded pipes.
IS 1239 Part II includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the pipes covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the pipes, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
IS 1239 Part II is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems in hazardous and extreme environments. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for mild steel seamless pipes for high pressure service, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
IS 1538 – Cast Iron Fittings
IS 1538 is an Indian Standard that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for cast iron flanges for use in pressure piping systems. The standard includes flanges for both Class 150 and Class 300 pressure ratings.
Cast iron is a type of iron that is made by melting iron ore and then pouring it into a mold. It is typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Flanges are used to connect pipes and other components in a piping system. They are made from a variety of materials, including cast iron, steel, and stainless steel.
IS 1538 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the flanges covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the flanges, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
IS 1538 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for cast iron flanges for use in pressure piping systems, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
MSS-SP-43 Stainless steel Fittings.
MSS-SP-43 is a standard published by the Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) that covers the dimensions, tolerances, materials, and testing requirements for wrought and fabricated butt-welding fittings intended for low pressure, corrosion resistant applications. The standard includes fittings for both Schedule 5S and Schedule 10S pipe, for all Nominal Pipe Sizes (NPS) listed in ASME B36.19M.
Wrought and fabricated butt-welding fittings are made from a variety of materials, including stainless steel, carbon steel, and alloy steel. They are typically used in low- to medium-pressure applications, such as water, steam, and air piping systems.
Butt welding is a welding process that joins two pieces of metal by melting the edges of the metal and then pressing them together.
MSS-SP-43 includes detailed dimensions and tolerances for all of the fittings covered by the standard. The standard also specifies the materials that can be used for the fittings, as well as the testing requirements that must be met.
MSS-SP-43 is an important standard for the design and construction of pressure piping systems in corrosion resistant applications. The standard provides a set of consistent and reliable requirements for wrought and fabricated butt-welding fittings intended for low pressure, corrosion resistant applications, which helps to ensure the safe and reliable operation of piping systems.
You can also refer ASME B31.3 from this source.
Advantages and disadvantages of Screws End fittings
- Easily made at site.
- Can be used where welding is not permitted due to fire hazard.
- Joints may leak when not properly sealed.
- Use not permitted by code if severe erosion, crevice corrosion, shock or vibration is anticipated.
- Strength of pipe and pipe fittings are reduced as threads reduce wall thickness.