Piping is used to carry the fluid from one place to another place. Pipe is a hollow tube with round cross section which is used for transporting the fluids, gas, etc from one system of plant to another system of the plant. Piping play very important role in any plant like petrol-chemical refineries, processing plant, LNG Plants, Power plants, Food processing plants etc for inter connection the systems.
Piping typically found in Petroleum refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semi-conductor, and cryogenic plants and related processing plants and terminals is called Process piping. Process piping is used to transport fluids between various units / equipment’s, without compromising process/ Mechanical requirements
The following aspects shall be considered while engineering of piping.
- Safe design and construction
- Operational convenience
- Maintenance requirements
- Inspection and testing
Types of various plants
Refinery:-A refinery is a Process Plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products such as Gasoline, diesel fuel , kerosene,LPG, Jet –fuel , etc.
Chemical Plant:- A process plant which uses chemical reactions to turn raw materials to a variety of products chemicals.
Petrochemical Plant:-A plant which is used to generate or produce a number of chemicals from Petroleum and natural Gas. Eg. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. Petrochemicals mainly consist of carbon and hydrogen and are called Hydrocarbons.
Fertilizer Plant:- A Plant which manufactures fertilizer products that contain vital nutrients essential for Plant growth.
Tank Farm & Storage:-Tank farm & storage an area that contains huge tanks / group of tanks used exclusively for storing petroleum products or other chemicals. The tanks are usually isolated from the main processing units in case of fire.